8+ Best Movies Filmed in Tuscany, Italy

movies about tuscany italy

8+ Best Movies Filmed in Tuscany, Italy

Cinema has often found a captivating backdrop in the Tuscan region of Italy. Films set amongst the rolling hills, vineyards, and historic cities of Tuscany offer viewers a glimpse into the region’s beauty, culture, and way of life. These productions range from romantic comedies highlighting picturesque landscapes to historical dramas exploring the area’s rich past. For example, a film might showcase the vibrant art scene of Florence, the medieval architecture of Siena, or the tranquil countryside surrounding smaller villages.

Capturing the essence of Tuscany on film provides significant cultural and economic benefits. These films can boost tourism, attracting visitors eager to experience the locations firsthand. They also preserve and promote Tuscan traditions, dialects, and artistic heritage for a global audience. Furthermore, the region’s visual appeal has historically drawn filmmakers, contributing to a long and fruitful relationship between Tuscany and the cinematic arts.

Exploring this cinematic connection reveals a diverse range of narratives and genres. From depictions of local life to stories of international travelers finding solace in the Tuscan landscape, the following sections will delve into specific examples and thematic trends within films showcasing this captivating Italian region.

1. Romance

The Tuscan landscape, with its rolling hills, vineyards, and charming villages, provides an idyllic backdrop for romantic narratives. This association contributes significantly to the popularity of Tuscany as a setting for films exploring themes of love, relationships, and self-discovery. The region’s inherent beauty evokes a sense of tranquility and escape, fostering an atmosphere conducive to romantic entanglements. This visual appeal, combined with the slower pace of life often depicted in these films, creates a powerful emotional resonance for audiences seeking escapism and idealized portrayals of love. Films like Letters to Juliet, set in Verona but capturing the romantic spirit of Italy, and Under the Tuscan Sun, exemplify how the pursuit of love and second chances can be intertwined with the allure of the Italian countryside.

The romantic narratives set in Tuscany frequently utilize the region’s cultural richness to enhance the emotional depth of the story. Local traditions, culinary experiences, and artistic heritage become integral elements of the romantic journey. Sharing a meal overlooking a vineyard, exploring ancient ruins, or attending a local festival become shared experiences that strengthen the bond between characters. These cultural encounters not only provide a sense of authenticity but also contribute to the overall romantic atmosphere, creating a sense of shared discovery and connection. This can be observed in films like A Room with a View, where the beauty of Florence and its artistic heritage play a crucial role in the development of the central romance.

Understanding the connection between romance and Tuscan settings provides insights into the enduring appeal of these films. The regions inherent romanticism offers a powerful framework for exploring universal themes of love, loss, and personal growth. While the idealized portrayal of Tuscany in some films can present a somewhat romanticized view of the region, it nonetheless contributes to its continued popularity as a destination for both filmmakers and travelers seeking romantic experiences. The challenge lies in balancing the idealized representation with an authentic portrayal of Tuscan life, allowing audiences to appreciate the regions true charm while acknowledging the complexities of real-world relationships.

2. Culinary Traditions

Tuscan cuisine, renowned for its simplicity and emphasis on fresh, local ingredients, holds a significant place in cinematic representations of the region. Food often serves as more than mere sustenance; it acts as a narrative device, a cultural symbol, and a visual feast that enhances the audience’s experience and understanding of Tuscan life. Depictions of culinary traditions contribute to a deeper appreciation of the region’s cultural identity and the role of food in social interactions.

  • Farm-to-Table Philosophy

    Tuscan cuisine emphasizes the use of locally sourced, seasonal ingredients, reflecting a deep connection to the land and agricultural heritage. This farm-to-table philosophy is frequently highlighted in films, showcasing scenes of bustling markets, family-owned farms, and the preparation of meals using fresh produce. This emphasis reinforces the region’s commitment to traditional culinary practices and sustainable agriculture. Examples include scenes of characters gathering ingredients from their gardens or visiting local markets, emphasizing the importance of fresh, seasonal produce in Tuscan cuisine.

  • Shared Meals and Communal Dining

    The act of sharing a meal holds significant cultural weight in Tuscany. Films often depict large family gatherings or community feasts, where food becomes a catalyst for connection and celebration. These scenes showcase the importance of food in fostering social bonds and strengthening community ties, offering insights into Italian social customs and the central role of food in daily life. Examples include extended family meals in films like Under the Tuscan Sun or community celebrations featuring traditional dishes.

  • Regional Specialties and Traditional Recipes

    From hearty ribollita to flavorful bistecca alla fiorentina, Tuscan cuisine boasts a diverse range of regional specialties. Films often feature these iconic dishes, offering viewers a glimpse into the unique culinary heritage of the region. The preparation and consumption of these dishes provide not only visual appeal but also cultural context, highlighting regional variations and culinary expertise. Showcasing these culinary traditions serves to preserve and promote local recipes and ingredients. Examples include scenes depicting the preparation of specific dishes, such as handmade pasta or regional wines.

  • Winemaking and Viticulture

    Tuscany’s rolling vineyards and renowned wine production are integral to the region’s identity and frequently feature prominently in films. Scenes depicting grape harvests, winemaking processes, and wine tastings provide insights into the cultural and economic significance of viticulture in Tuscany. The inclusion of wine-related activities further enhances the portrayal of Tuscan life and its connection to the land. Examples include characters working in vineyards, participating in wine tastings, or discussing the nuances of different wines.

The depiction of Tuscan culinary traditions in film contributes significantly to the overall portrayal of the region’s culture and lifestyle. By showcasing the farm-to-table philosophy, communal dining practices, regional specialties, and the importance of wine, these films offer a sensory experience that enhances the narrative and provides a deeper understanding of Tuscany’s culinary heritage. This cinematic focus on food not only entertains but also educates and promotes the unique culinary landscape of this Italian region, further solidifying its appeal to both film enthusiasts and food lovers alike.

3. Art and History

Tuscany’s rich artistic and historical heritage forms an intrinsic part of its cinematic allure. Films set in the region often leverage this legacy, using historical settings and artistic masterpieces to enrich narratives and provide visual splendor. Exploring this connection reveals how art and history contribute to the overall impact and cultural significance of movies about Tuscany.

  • Renaissance Influence

    The Tuscan region, particularly Florence, served as the cradle of the Renaissance. Films frequently showcase this period’s architectural marvels, including the Duomo and the Uffizi Gallery, and the works of masters like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. These visual elements provide historical context, immersing viewers in the artistic and intellectual ferment of the era. A Room with a View, for example, utilizes Renaissance-era Florence as a backdrop, enhancing the romantic narrative with historical and artistic richness.

  • Medieval Towns and Architecture

    Beyond Florence, Tuscany boasts numerous medieval towns like Siena and San Gimignano, characterized by their preserved architecture, including towers, walls, and piazzas. Films utilize these locations to evoke a sense of history and tradition. These settings can serve as backdrops for historical dramas or provide a contrast to contemporary storylines, highlighting the enduring legacy of the past. Stealing Beauty, set in the Tuscan countryside, incorporates these elements to create a visually captivating narrative.

  • Artistic Inspiration and Patronage

    Tuscany’s artistic heritage extends beyond the Renaissance. The region’s natural beauty and cultural richness have long attracted artists and writers, serving as a source of inspiration. Films may explore this theme, depicting artists at work or showcasing the impact of artistic patronage on the region’s cultural development. This focus highlights the enduring relationship between art and place, demonstrating how Tuscany’s environment has nurtured creativity throughout history.

  • Historical Events and Political Intrigue

    Tuscany’s history is replete with significant events and political rivalries. Films can delve into these historical narratives, using the region’s landscapes and architecture to recreate past eras and explore themes of power, conflict, and social change. This approach provides an opportunity to educate audiences about Tuscan history while offering engaging cinematic experiences. While less common than narratives focused on art and romance, films exploring these historical themes offer a different perspective on the region’s past.

By incorporating these elements of art and history, films set in Tuscany offer more than just picturesque escapism. They provide glimpses into the region’s cultural depth, showcasing its artistic legacy and historical significance. This interplay between narrative, visuals, and historical context enhances the overall cinematic experience, fostering a deeper appreciation for Tuscany’s unique charm and enduring appeal.

4. Landscape Beauty

The intrinsic connection between Tuscany’s landscape beauty and its cinematic portrayal forms a cornerstone of the region’s appeal in film. The rolling hills, vineyards, cypress-lined roads, and golden light characteristic of the Tuscan countryside create a visually captivating backdrop that enhances narrative and evokes a sense of tranquility and timeless beauty. This inherent aesthetic appeal draws filmmakers seeking locations that offer both visual splendor and a distinct regional identity. The landscape itself becomes a character, contributing to the atmosphere and emotional resonance of the story. Under the Tuscan Sun, for instance, leverages the restorative beauty of the landscape to reflect the protagonist’s journey of self-discovery and healing. Similarly, A Room with a View uses the panoramic vistas of Florence and the surrounding countryside to underscore the romantic awakening of its characters. The landscape functions not merely as scenery but as an integral element of the narrative, influencing character development and thematic exploration.

The practical significance of this connection lies in its impact on tourism and cultural representation. Films showcasing Tuscany’s scenic beauty often inspire viewers to experience the region firsthand, contributing to a thriving tourism industry. This cinematic exposure generates economic benefits for local communities and fosters cultural exchange. However, it also presents challenges in managing the impact of increased tourism on the delicate ecological balance and cultural integrity of the region. Furthermore, the idealized portrayal of the Tuscan landscape in film can sometimes create a romanticized expectation that differs from the realities of rural life and agricultural practices. Balancing the promotional benefits of cinematic representation with sustainable tourism practices and authentic portrayals of regional life remains a crucial consideration.

In summary, the symbiotic relationship between Tuscan landscape beauty and its cinematic representation is undeniable. The visual appeal of the region serves as a powerful draw for filmmakers, enhancing narratives and contributing to the emotional impact of films set in Tuscany. This cinematic portrayal, in turn, influences tourism and cultural perceptions, creating both opportunities and challenges for the region. Understanding this complex interplay is essential for appreciating the role of landscape in shaping cinematic narratives and for fostering responsible engagement with the cultural and ecological heritage of Tuscany.

5. Local Culture

Authentic portrayals of local Tuscan culture significantly enhance the depth and resonance of films set in the region. These portrayals move beyond the picturesque landscapes to explore the customs, traditions, and social fabric of Tuscan communities, providing viewers with a more nuanced understanding of the region’s identity. This cultural immersion can manifest in various ways, from depictions of local festivals and religious observances to the representation of traditional crafts and family dynamics. Stealing Beauty, for example, offers glimpses into the artistic community residing in a Tuscan villa, showcasing their creative pursuits and interpersonal relationships. Similarly, Under the Tuscan Sun explores the protagonist’s integration into a local community, highlighting interactions with neighbors, shopkeepers, and artisans. These interactions provide insight into the daily rhythms of Tuscan life and the values that shape local communities.

The integration of local culture into film narratives serves several important functions. It adds a layer of authenticity, grounding the story in a specific social and historical context. This groundedness enhances the credibility of the narrative and fosters a stronger connection between the audience and the characters. Furthermore, accurate representation of local culture can challenge stereotypes and promote cross-cultural understanding. By showcasing the nuances of Tuscan life, films can dispel preconceived notions and foster appreciation for the diversity of human experience. However, the challenge lies in balancing authentic representation with the demands of cinematic storytelling. The need to condense complex cultural elements into a manageable narrative can sometimes lead to simplification or romanticization. Films must strive to avoid exploitative or superficial portrayals of local culture, ensuring that representations are respectful and contribute to a genuine understanding of the region’s identity.

In conclusion, the interplay between local culture and cinematic representation in films about Tuscany is crucial for achieving narrative depth and cultural understanding. Authentic portrayals of local customs, traditions, and social dynamics enrich the cinematic experience, fostering a stronger connection between the audience and the region. While challenges exist in balancing authenticity with narrative demands, successful integration of local culture enhances the film’s impact and contributes to a more nuanced appreciation of Tuscany’s unique identity. This understanding underscores the importance of responsible filmmaking practices that prioritize respectful and accurate representation of local communities and their cultural heritage.

6. Villa Life

The concept of “villa life” plays a prominent role in shaping narratives and contributing to the idealized portrayal of Tuscany in film. Owning a Tuscan villa frequently symbolizes a desire for escape, reinvention, and connection with a romanticized vision of Italian culture. This aspiration often drives the narrative arc, particularly in films focused on personal transformation. Characters often seek refuge from personal struggles or urban pressures, finding solace and inspiration in the tranquility and beauty of the Tuscan countryside. Under the Tuscan Sun epitomizes this theme, depicting a protagonist who purchases a dilapidated villa and embarks on a journey of self-discovery and renovation, mirroring the restoration of both her home and her spirit. Stealing Beauty similarly utilizes a villa setting to explore themes of family secrets, artistic expression, and coming-of-age against the backdrop of rural Tuscan life. The villa becomes more than just a dwelling; it transforms into a symbolic space representing the potential for personal growth and renewal.

This cinematic representation of villa life frequently emphasizes the integration of characters into local communities. Interactions with neighbors, local artisans, and shopkeepers contribute to a sense of belonging and cultural exchange. The villa serves as a focal point for social gatherings, culinary experiences, and exploration of the surrounding landscape. This idealized portrayal often contrasts with the realities of villa ownership, which can involve significant logistical challenges, cultural adjustments, and financial investment. Films tend to gloss over these complexities, focusing instead on the romantic and transformative aspects of villa life. While this romanticized vision can inspire viewers to seek similar experiences, it’s crucial to acknowledge the distinction between cinematic portrayals and the complexities of real-life villa ownership in Tuscany. The practical implications of this understanding include the potential impact on tourism, real estate markets, and cultural expectations surrounding Tuscan villa life.

In conclusion, the depiction of “villa life” in movies about Tuscany holds significant narrative and symbolic weight. It represents an idealized vision of escape, transformation, and cultural immersion, often driving character development and thematic exploration. While this romanticized portrayal can inspire and entertain, it’s essential to recognize the gap between cinematic representation and the realities of villa ownership. This nuanced understanding allows viewers to appreciate the symbolic power of “villa life” in film while maintaining a realistic perspective on its practical implications for both individuals and the Tuscan region itself. The continued appeal of this theme speaks to a broader fascination with Italian culture and the enduring allure of a simpler, more connected way of life, often projected onto the idyllic backdrop of the Tuscan countryside.

7. Travel and Discovery

Cinematic portrayals of Tuscany frequently intertwine with themes of travel and discovery, highlighting the transformative potential of exploring new environments and cultures. The region’s diverse landscapes, historical richness, and artistic heritage provide a fertile ground for narratives centered on personal growth, self-reflection, and the pursuit of new experiences. These narratives often resonate with audiences who identify with the desire for escape and the allure of immersing oneself in a different culture.

  • Inner Transformation Through External Journeys

    Travel in Tuscan-set films often serves as a catalyst for inner transformation. Characters embark on physical journeys that mirror their emotional and psychological development. The act of navigating unfamiliar surroundings, encountering new people, and engaging with a different culture facilitates self-discovery and personal growth. Under the Tuscan Sun exemplifies this, as the protagonist’s travels through Tuscany and her interactions with locals contribute to her healing and self-reinvention. The external journey becomes a metaphor for the internal journey of self-discovery.

  • Rediscovering History and Heritage

    Tuscany’s rich history and artistic legacy provide ample opportunities for exploration and discovery within film narratives. Characters may stumble upon ancient ruins, visit historical sites, or encounter local artisans, fostering a deeper appreciation for the region’s cultural heritage. A Room with a View, for example, features characters engaging with Renaissance art and Florentine history, enriching their understanding of the region and themselves. This exploration of the past adds another layer to the travel experience, connecting characters to a broader historical context.

  • Culinary Adventures and Local Flavors

    Food and wine play a significant role in Tuscan culture, and cinematic portrayals often emphasize the discovery of local culinary traditions. Characters may visit local markets, participate in cooking classes, or dine at family-run trattorias, experiencing the region’s gastronomic delights. This culinary exploration adds a sensory dimension to the travel experience, connecting characters and viewers to the local culture through taste and shared meals. This is evident in films like Letters to Juliet (though set in Verona) and Eat Pray Love (partially set in Rome), showcasing the transformative power of Italian cuisine.

  • Connecting with Nature and the Landscape

    Tuscany’s picturesque landscapes offer opportunities for characters to reconnect with nature and find solace in its beauty. Hiking through rolling hills, cycling through vineyards, or simply enjoying the tranquility of the countryside can become integral to the travel experience. This connection with nature fosters a sense of peace and renewal, contributing to the overall transformative journey depicted in the film. Stealing Beauty utilizes the Tuscan countryside as a backdrop for its exploration of self-discovery and artistic inspiration, illustrating the power of nature to inspire and heal.

These interconnected facets of travel and discovery contribute to the overall appeal of movies about Tuscany. They offer viewers vicarious experiences of exploration, self-reflection, and cultural immersion, all set against the backdrop of a visually stunning and historically rich region. The enduring popularity of these narratives suggests a deep resonance with the human desire to explore, connect, and transform, with Tuscany providing an idyllic setting for these cinematic journeys.

8. Personal Transformation

Movies set in Tuscany often explore themes of personal transformation, utilizing the region’s idyllic setting as a backdrop for characters seeking self-discovery, healing, and renewal. The serene landscapes, rich culture, and slower pace of life create an environment conducive to introspection and change. This connection between personal transformation and the Tuscan setting allows narratives to explore how new environments and experiences can catalyze internal shifts and facilitate growth.

  • Escape and Self-Reflection

    Tuscany frequently serves as an escape for characters seeking refuge from personal struggles or the pressures of modern life. The tranquil environment provides space for self-reflection and contemplation, allowing characters to confront their pasts, re-evaluate their priorities, and embark on journeys of self-discovery. This theme is central to Under the Tuscan Sun, where the protagonist seeks solace and a new beginning in the Tuscan countryside after a divorce. The act of leaving behind familiar surroundings becomes a crucial step towards personal transformation.

  • Embracing the Unknown and Taking Risks

    Movies about Tuscany often depict characters taking risks and embracing the unknown. Moving to a new country, purchasing a dilapidated villa, or pursuing a new passion represent significant leaps of faith. These decisions, often made within the context of the Tuscan setting, demonstrate a willingness to step outside comfort zones and embrace new possibilities, leading to unexpected personal growth. A Room with a View portrays characters challenging societal expectations and embracing unconventional choices, leading to personal liberation and romantic fulfillment.

  • Connecting with Nature and Finding Inner Peace

    The natural beauty of Tuscany plays a vital role in facilitating personal transformation. Characters often find solace and inspiration in the rolling hills, vineyards, and picturesque landscapes. Connecting with nature fosters a sense of peace and tranquility, allowing characters to reconnect with themselves and find a sense of grounding. This connection with the natural world becomes a source of healing and renewal, contributing to their overall transformation. Stealing Beauty explores the protagonist’s connection to the Tuscan landscape as she grapples with personal loss and self-discovery.

  • Cultural Immersion and Expanding Horizons

    Immersing oneself in a new culture can be a transformative experience. Movies set in Tuscany often highlight characters engaging with local traditions, customs, and culinary practices. This cultural exchange broadens their perspectives, challenges their assumptions, and fosters personal growth. Learning a new language, participating in local festivals, or forming relationships with locals can contribute to a deeper understanding of oneself and the world. Letters to Juliet, while set in Verona, exemplifies the transformative power of cultural immersion within the Italian context.

The convergence of these elements within the Tuscan setting creates a powerful narrative framework for exploring personal transformation. These films offer viewers not only an escape into a beautiful and romanticized world but also an exploration of the human capacity for growth, resilience, and self-discovery. The idyllic backdrop of Tuscany amplifies these themes, suggesting that embracing new experiences and connecting with different cultures can lead to profound personal change. The enduring popularity of these narratives underscores the universal appeal of seeking transformation and the enduring allure of Tuscany as a place where such transformations feel possible.

Frequently Asked Questions about Movies Filmed in Tuscany

This section addresses common inquiries regarding films shot in Tuscany, providing concise and informative responses.

Question 1: Why is Tuscany such a popular filming location?

Tuscany’s appeal stems from a combination of factors: stunning landscapes, rich history and art, charming villages, and a distinct cultural identity. These elements provide filmmakers with visually compelling backdrops and opportunities for diverse narratives.

Question 2: Are all movies set in Tuscany actually filmed there?

While many films are indeed shot on location in Tuscany, some utilize similar-looking locations elsewhere for logistical or budgetary reasons. It’s important to research specific films to confirm actual filming locations.

Question 3: How do these films impact tourism in Tuscany?

Films showcasing Tuscany’s beauty and culture often inspire viewers to visit the region, contributing significantly to the tourism industry. This increased visibility can have both positive and negative impacts on local communities and the environment.

Question 4: Do movies about Tuscany accurately portray local life?

While some films strive for authenticity, many present an idealized or romanticized version of Tuscan life. It’s important to view these portrayals with a critical lens and recognize that they may not fully reflect the complexities of everyday life in the region.

Question 5: Beyond romantic comedies, what other genres are represented in films about Tuscany?

Tuscany has served as the backdrop for various genres, including historical dramas, coming-of-age stories, thrillers, and documentaries. This diversity reflects the region’s multifaceted character and its ability to support different narrative themes.

Question 6: How can I find more information about specific films shot in Tuscany?

Online film databases, such as IMDb, and specialized websites dedicated to filming locations offer comprehensive information about movies shot in Tuscany, including cast details, production information, and filming locations.

Understanding the interplay between cinematic representation and the realities of Tuscan life enhances appreciation for both the films and the region itself.

Further exploration of specific films and their impact on cultural perceptions of Tuscany will be discussed in the following sections.

Tips for Experiencing Tuscany Through Film

Beyond passive viewing, engaging with films about Tuscany can enrich one’s understanding and appreciation of the region. These tips offer guidance on maximizing the cinematic experience and fostering a deeper connection with Tuscan culture and landscapes.

Tip 1: Research Filming Locations: Discovering the actual filming locations can enhance appreciation for the region’s beauty and inspire travel itineraries. Many online resources and film tourism guides provide detailed information about specific sites.

Tip 2: Explore Different Genres: While romantic comedies dominate popular perceptions, exploring other genres like historical dramas or documentaries can provide a more nuanced understanding of Tuscany’s history and culture. Consider Tea with Mussolini for a glimpse into Tuscany during World War II.

Tip 3: Pair Films with Regional Cuisine and Wine: Enhance the viewing experience by sampling Tuscan culinary specialties while watching. Pairing a film like Under the Tuscan Sun with a glass of Chianti Classico can create a more immersive sensory experience.

Tip 4: Learn Basic Italian Phrases: Even a rudimentary understanding of Italian can enhance appreciation for dialogue and cultural nuances in films. Simple phrases like “Buongiorno” and “Grazie” can add to the immersive experience.

Tip 5: Read Related Literature: Many films draw inspiration from novels or travel writing about Tuscany. Reading these literary works can deepen understanding of the region’s cultural and historical context. E. M. Forster’s A Room with a View provides a deeper dive into the Edwardian era’s fascination with Florence.

Tip 6: Connect with Online Communities: Joining online forums or social media groups dedicated to Italian cinema or Tuscan travel can provide valuable insights and recommendations for further exploration. Sharing experiences and perspectives can enrich appreciation for the region and its cinematic representations.

Tip 7: Consider Thematic Connections: Explore films that share common themes, such as romance, self-discovery, or culinary traditions, to gain a more comprehensive perspective on how these themes are portrayed within the Tuscan context. Comparing Under the Tuscan Sun and Letters to Juliet can highlight different approaches to the theme of finding love and second chances in Italy.

By actively engaging with films about Tuscany, viewers can gain a richer appreciation for the region’s cultural heritage, natural beauty, and unique cinematic allure. These tips provide a starting point for further exploration and deeper engagement with the captivating world of Tuscan cinema.

These insights provide a foundation for concluding thoughts on the significance of Tuscany in film.

Movies About Tuscany Italy

Exploration of films set in Tuscany reveals a complex interplay between cinematic representation and the region’s cultural identity. From romantic comedies to historical dramas, these movies showcase Tuscany’s landscapes, art, history, culinary traditions, and the concept of “villa life.” Analysis demonstrates how these elements contribute to narrative depth, thematic exploration, and the overall appeal of Tuscan settings in film. The impact on tourism, cultural perceptions, and the romanticized image of the region warrants consideration. Balancing cinematic portrayals with the realities of Tuscan life remains crucial for appreciating the region’s authentic character.

The enduring cinematic fascination with Tuscany suggests a deeper connection between viewers and the region’s perceived idyllic qualities. Further exploration of this connection can offer valuable insights into cultural exchange, the power of place in storytelling, and the enduring human desire for escape, transformation, and connection with beauty. Continued critical engagement with these films ensures a balanced perspective that appreciates both the cinematic artistry and the tangible realities of this captivating Italian region.